Coding

WordPress’s lastBuildDate in RSS Feed – gotcha’s

Daniele Muscetta WordPress, Coding , , , , , ,

It has been ages since I wrote some technical stuff over here.

I recently stumbled into what apparently is a long-standing issue in WordPress, to the point that a lot of people decide to just implement their own, separate, RSS feed (there are a lot of articles out there on how to do that but I didn’t like such a solution).
The issue is that it doesn’t advance the ‘lastBuildDate’ field in the field often enough and we also didn’t like the logic that it uses to calculate it. In fact, by default, WordPress has logic to pull the last ‘modified’ date rather than the ‘published’ date of a post, then it also includes dates from comments… not what we needed since I am working for a news website where publication is almost always scheduled (which means the ‘modified’ date could be even a day older than the ‘publish’ date) and where comments are disabled!

More importantly, this was affecting how often Google actually processed their feed – not fast enough because it thought it was stale/not updated – and this severely impacted their chance to be found in Google News.

Here’s my solution (code to add to your functions.php or a custom plugin):

/* speed up feed cache */
add_filter( 'wp_feed_cache_transient_lifetime', create_function('$a', 'return 600;') );

/* overrides/changes the way 'lastBuildDate' is calculated for the standard wordpress RSS feed */
function my_lastpostmodified()
{
    global $wpdb;
    $add_seconds_server = date('Z');
    $lastDateSql = $wpdb->get_var("SELECT DATE_ADD(post_date_gmt, INTERVAL '$add_seconds_server' SECOND) FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE post_status = 'publish' ORDER BY post_date_gmt DESC LIMIT 1");
    $lastDate = date_create($lastDateSql);
    return $lastDate->format('r');
}

add_filter('get_lastpostmodified', 'my_lastpostmodified');
add_filter('get_feed_build_date', 'my_lastpostmodified');

Sources that helped me come up with this solution:

Three quarters of 2015, my IT career and various ramblings

Daniele Muscetta America, Coding, Cross Platform, Family, General, Linux, Microsoft, MOM, MOM2005, Networking, OpInsights, OpsMgr2007, OpsMgr2012, Personal, PowerShell, Rant, Security, System Center Operations Manager 2007, System Center Operations Manager 2012, xplat

September is over. The first three quarters of 2015 are over.
This has been a very important year so far – difficult, but revealing. Everything has been about change, healing and renewal.

We moved back to Europe first, and you might have now also read my other post about leaving Microsoft, more recently.

This was a hard choice – it took many months to reach the conclusion this is what I needed to do.

Most people have gone thru strong programming: they think you have to be ‘successful’ at something. Success is externally defined, anyhow (as opposed to satisfaction which we define ourselves) and therefore you are supposed to study in college a certain field, then use that at work to build your career in the same field… and keep doing the same thing.

I was never like that – I didn’t go to college, I didn’t study as an ‘engineer’. I just saw there was a market opportunity to find a job when I started, studied on the job, eventually excelled at it. But it never was *the* road. It just was one road; it has served me well so far, but it was just one thing I tried, and it worked out.
How did it start? As a pre-teen, I had been interested in computers, then left that for a while, did ‘normal’ high school (in Italy at the time, this was really non-technological), then I tried to study sociology for a little bit – I really enjoyed the Cultural Anthropology lessons there, and we were smoking good weed with some folks outside of the university, but I really could not be asked to spend the following 5 or 10 years or my life just studying and ‘hanging around’ – I wanted money and independence to move out of my parent’s house.

So, without much fanfare, I revived my IT knowledge: upgraded my skill from the ‘hobbyist’ world of the Commodore 64 and Amiga scene (I had been passionate about modems and the BBS world then), looked at the PC world of the time, rode the ‘Internet wave’ and applied for a simple job at an IT company.

A lot of my friends were either not even searching for a job, with the excuse that there weren’t any, or spending time in university, in a time of change, where all the university-level jobs were taken anyway so that would have meant waiting even more after they had finished studying… I am not even sure they realized this until much later.
But I just applied, played my cards, and got my job.

When I went to sign it, they also reminded me they expected hard work at the simplest and humblest level: I would have to fix PC’s, printers, help users with networking issues and tasks like those – at a customer of theirs, a big company.
I was ready to roll up my sleeves and help that IT department however I would be capable of, and I did.
It all grew from there.

And that’s how my IT career started. I learned all I know of IT on the job and by working my ass off and studying extra hours and watching older/more expert colleagues and making experience.

I am not an engineer.
I am, at most, a mechanic.
I did learn a lot of companies and the market, languages, designs, politics, the human and technical factors in software engineering and the IT marketplace/worlds, over the course of the past 18 years.

But when I started, I was just trying to lend a honest hand, to get paid some money in return – isn’t that what work was about?

Over time IT got out of control. Like Venom, in the Marvel comics, that made its appearance as a costume that SpiderMan started wearing… and it slowly took over, as the ‘costume’ was in reality some sort of alien symbiotic organism (like a pest).

You might be wondering what I mean. From the outside I was a successful Senior Program Manager of a ‘hot’ Microsoft product.
Someone must have mistaken my diligence and hard work for ‘talent’ or ‘desire of career’ – but it never was.
I got pushed up, taught to never turn down ‘opportunities’.

But I don’t feel this is my path anymore.
That type of work takes too much metal energy off me, and made me neglect myself and my family. Success at the expense of my own health and my family’s isn’t worth it. Some other people wrote that too – in my case I stopped hopefully earlier.

So what am I doing now?

First and foremost, I am taking time for myself and my family.
I am reading (and writing)
I am cooking again
I have been catching up on sleep – and have dreams again
I am helping my father in law to build a shed in his yard
We bought a 14-years old Volkswagen van that we are turning into a Camper
I have not stopped building guitars – in fact I am getting setup to do it ‘seriously’ – so I am also standing up a separate site to promote that activity
I am making music and discovering new music and instruments
I am meeting new people and new situations

There’s a lot of folks out there who either think I am crazy (they might be right, but I am happy this way), or think this is some sort of lateral move – I am not searching for another IT job, thanks. Stop the noise on LinkedIn please: I don’t fit in your algorithms, I just made you believe I did, all these years.

Teaching my son to code

Daniele Muscetta Coding, Family, Personal , , , , , , , ,

“How do you write a video game?” – Luca, my 11-years old son, asked, some weeks ago, during his summer holiday.

With Joshua, his older brother, I had made some moderate attempts, years earlier, to interest him in the topic of code and programming, but it didn’t interest him. He has many qualities but he’s not into Lego building either, or anything remotely connected to engineering, so I didn’t push him. It’s not his cup of tea.

But kids are all different, and Luca asked. He knows I work at Microsoft… so I was obviously the go-to person for this question.
So, what do I teach him now – where do I start?

Over the years I had kept an eye on what literature and toolkits were available to introduce kids to programming, to keep myself up to date. When I was young, our home computers came with a BASIC. Computers were simpler, they did less things, there were less ‘layers’. There was the well-known LOGO out there, indended as a teaching language, but that was it.

Of course by now the situation has greatly improved – there are a lot of resources out there… but do they really teach you well?
To various degrees.

There are more things (sites/toolkits/languages/books) out there, but I find that all most of those resources are somehow missing the point: they focus too much on teaching ONE language in particular, but they do not lay the foundation to how to DESIGN a good program. They teach you to code, but they don’t point out good or bad design choices.
In particular they don’t lay a good foundation of object oriented programming concepts, and generally seem to be ignoring object orientation and just teaching – the old ways – procedural programming. This is at least my experience with Microsoft SmallBasic, and now with some books (with great Amazon reviews) around Python, such as ‘Hello World’ (Manning) or ‘Python for Kids’ (No Starch Press).

I would have actually favored Python, as at least is a modern and open language and not proprietary. Those books might even be easy to follow and learn something, but ‘Python for Kids’ has a chapter on ‘objects’ – chapter 8 , starting on page 98. ‘Hello World’ waits until chapter 14 (fourteen) before talking about objects. And it does for just 3 pages. SmallBasic doesn’t really even seem to bother explaining anywhere what objects classes are and why they exist – it just tells you to accept the ones provided as a fact of life and just use them. In the meantime examples are filled with global variables and teach you sloppy practices.

I know that for many people who had started before OOP was common, and learned procedural programming, they later had to get used to the change, and it wasn’t easy. Anyone?

 

So why all these books all have to start with ‘variables’ and ‘loops’ and ‘functions’ and how to get user input (and use it insecurely) and all that sort of procedural crap? That’s just syntax. That is NOT the difficult part, every decent coder will tell you. You can look that up. Every language has the same sort of loops, you write them slightly different, but that’s not what’s difficult. There will always be another syntax, another parameter, another API… but you can look those things up. We are in 2015. We have the internet now.

Understanding object orientation, instead, “Envisioning” your classes and determining what the right behavior to give them, and doing this right is what is tricky. That’s why if you want to teach *programming* (and not just language X or Y) you need something better – something that teaches the important stuff FIRST and foremost and makes sure you ‘get it’ before getting you lost/bored in repeatable details that can be looked up. Better setting some standards from the start – kids are just learning and will be very open to accept the guiding practices you give them.

Then, once that theory is in and you understand that in modern systems you basically always define behavior for objects, then you can do that in any language. Better, you can *think* and design better programs, in any language.

This is why I ended up discovering and liking Greenfoot very much.

Generally I am not a Java fanboy, but the way Greenfoot’s IDE is designed demonstrates a lot of effort and thought has been put where it matters – teaching and visualizing the concepts of object oriented programming. The design work takes into account the visualization needs of both teacher and student, and makes teaching object orientation possible even at a young age.

To better understand what I am talking about, anyhow, I suggest you look at the lessons (some for students, but especially those with teacher commentary!) in the videos at http://www.greenfoot.org/doc/joy-of-code

So when Luca asked, I started with him long the same lines of what is described in this blog
http://blogs.kent.ac.uk/mik/2008/01/teaching-my-daughter-to-code/
In the blog post, the author describes how he coded a simple Doctor Who – inspired videogame in Greenfoot, and talks thru the process of teaching (for the parent/teacher) suggestion how he explained certain things, providing and commenting small working snippets to speed up some parts of the process.

I was pretty lucky – since Luca also likes Doctor Who, we could basically follow the same ‘storyline’ the blog outlines and build a very similar game. Ours turned out a little different (by choice) but those articles gave us a fantastic start, and we had a lot of fun going thru it.

He learned enough of it over just a couple of days (I spent maybe 4 hours with him, he tried some other things for another couple hours), that he tasked himself (he came up with it spontaneously!) with building something else from scratch, and he made another simple game with two cars that could freely drive on the screen, and had to dodge trees, that he’s now playing along with his little sister!

Young geeks

Does he know all of Java? Of course not. Neither would he know everything of Python, or Basic or anything else. But he got the basic concepts of OOP down, and those will stay. By the time he might want or need to dust this skill for any type of academic or professional use, languages will have evolved and changed anyway… but I am pretty sure this experience I gave him would still hold useful. I am not planning on ‘pushing’ him any harder than he already pushes himself – after all, he’s only 11.

So, thanks, Greenfoot, for focusing on the right things! I would recommend you to anyone who wants to teach programming to kids.

Inversely Proportional

Daniele Muscetta Coding, Microsoft, Personal, PowerShell, Rant , , ,

Inversely Proportional

Some time ago I was reading www.caffeinatedcoder.com/book-review-the-c-programming-la…

[…] Since a good portion of the C# books are between the 500 and 1000 page range, it was refreshing to read a book that was less than 200 pages. Partly this is because when the book was published the surface area of the reusable API was a small fraction of what it is now. However, I also wonder if there was an expectation of disciplined conciseness in technical writing back in the late 80’s that simply no longer exists today. […]

I think this is a very important point. But then, again, it was no secret – this was written in the Preface to the first edition of that book:

[…] is not a “very high level” language, nor a “big” one, and is not specialized to any particular area of application. But its absence of resrictions and its generality make it more convenient and effective for many tasks than supposedly more powerful languages. […]

I think it all boils down to simplicity, as Glenn Scott says in glennsc.com/start-a-revolution-with-confident-simplicity

[…] To master this technique you need to adopt this mindset that your product is, say, simple and clean, and you just know this, and you are confident and assured of this. There is no urgent need to “prove” anything. […]

Another similar book on a (different) programming language, is “Programming Ruby, the pragmatic programmer’s guide” which starts with

[…] This book is a tutorial and reference for the Ruby programming language. Use Ruby, and you’ll write better code, be more productive, and enjoy programming more. […] As Pragmatic Programmers we’ve tried many, many languages in our search for tools to make our lives easier, for tools to help us do our jobs better. Until now, though, we’d always been frustrated by the languages we were using. […]

Of course that language is simple and sweet, very expressive, and programmers are seen as having to be “pragmatic”. No nonsensical, incredibly complex cathedrals (in the language itself and in the documentation) – but quick and dirty things that just WORK.

But way too often, the size of a book is considered a measure for its quality and depth.
I recently read on Twitter about an upcoming “Programming Windows Phone 7” book that would be more than a thousand pages in size: twitter.com/#!/MicrosoftPress/status/27374650771

I mean: I do understand that there are many API’s to take a look at and the book wants to be comprehensive…but…. do they really think that the sheer *size* of a book (>1000 pages) is an advantage in itself? it might actually scare people away, for how I see things. But it must be me.

In the meantime the book has been released and can be dowloaded from here blogs.msdn.com/b/microsoft_press/archive/2010/10/28/free-…

I have not looked at it yet – when I will have time to take a look at it I’ll be able to judge better…

for now I only incidentally noticed that a quick search for books about programming the iPhone/iPad returns books that are between 250 and 500 pages maximum…

And yet simplicity CAN be known to us, and some teams really “Get it”: take Powershell, for example – it is a refreshing example of this: the official powershell blog has a subtitle of “changing the world, one line at the time” – that’s a strong statement… but in line with the empowerment that simplicity enables. In fact, Bruce Payette’s book “Powershell in Action” is also not huge.
I suppose it must be a coincidence. Or maybe not.

Audit Collection Services Database Partitions Size Report

Daniele Muscetta Coding, Microsoft, OpsMgr2007, System Center Operations Manager 2007 , , , , , , , , ,

A number of people I have talked to liked my previous post on ACS sizing. One thing that was not extremely easy or clear to them in that post was *how* exactly I did one thing I wrote:

[…] use the dtEvent_GUID table to get the number of events for that day, and use the stored procedure “sp_spaceused”  against that same table to get an overall idea of how much space that day is taking in the database […]

To be completely honest, I do not expect people to do this manually a hundred times if they have a hundred partitions. In fact, I have been doing this for a while with a script which will do the looping for me and run that sp_spaceused for me a number of time. I cannot share that script, but I do realize that this automation is very useful, therefore I wrote a “stand-alone” SQL query which, using a couple of temporary tables, produces a similar type of output. I also went a step further and packaged it into a SQL Server Reporting Services Report for everyone’s consumption. The report should look like the following screenshot, featuring a chart and the table with the numerical information about each and every partition in the database:

ACS Partitions Report

You can download the report from here.

You need to upload it to your report server, and change the data source to the shared Data Source that also the built-in ACS Reports use, and it should work.

[NOTE/UPDATE May 4th 2011: This report has a few bugs. I have posted the updated query on http://www.muscetta.com/2011/05/04/improved-acs-partitions-query/ . I am sorry I can’t provide a ready made report with the fix right now. Make sure you understand this and don’t implement it without testing.]

Enjoy!

OpsMgr Eventlog analysis with Powershell

Daniele Muscetta Coding, Microsoft, OpsMgr2007, PowerShell, System Center Operations Manager 2007 , , ,

The following technique should already be understood by any powersheller. Here we focus on Operations Manager log entries, even if the data mining technique shows is entirely possibly – and encouraged 🙂 – with any other event log.

Let’s start by getting our eventlog into a variable called $evt:

PS  >> $evt = Get-Eventlog “Operations Manager”

The above only works locally in POSH v1.

In POSH v2 you can go remotely by using the “-computername” parameter:

PS  >> $evt = Get-Eventlog “Operations Manager” –computername RMS.domain.com

Anyhow, you can get to this remotely also in POSHv1 with this other more “dotNET-tish” syntax:

PS >> $evt = (New-Object System.Diagnostics.Eventlog -ArgumentList "Operations Manager").get_Entries()

you could even export this (or any of the above) to a CLIXML file:

PS >> (New-Object System.Diagnostics.Eventlog -ArgumentList "Operations Manager").get_Entries() | export-clixml -path c:\evt\Evt-OpsMgr-RMS.MYDOMAIN.COM.xml

and then you could reload your eventlog to another machine:

PS  >> $evt = import-clixml c:\evt\Evt-OpsMgr-RMS.MYDOMAIN.COM.xml

whatever way you used to populate your $evt  variable, be it from a “live” eventlog or by re-importing it from XML, you can then start analyzing it:

PS  >> $evt | where {$_.Entrytype -match "Error"} | select EventId,Source,Message | group eventid

Count Name                      Group
—– —-                      —–
1510 4509                      {@{EventID=4509; Source=HealthService; Message=The constructor for the managed module type "Microsoft.EnterpriseManagement.Mom.DatabaseQueryModules.GroupCalculatio.
   15 20022                     {@{EventID=20022; Source=OpsMgr Connector; Message=The health service {7B0E947B-2055…
    3 26319                     {@{EventID=26319; Source=OpsMgr SDK Service; Message=An exception was thrown while p…
    1 4512                      {@{EventID=4512; Source=HealthService; Message=Converting data batch to XML failed w…

the above is functionally identical to the following:

PS  >> $evt | where {$_.Entrytype -eq 1} | select EventID,Source,Message | group eventid

Count Name                      Group
—– —-                      —–
1510 4509                      {@{EventID=4509; Source=HealthService; Message=The constructor for the managed modul…
   15 20022                     {@{EventID=20022; Source=OpsMgr Connector; Message=The health service {7B0E947B-2055…
    3 26319                     {@{EventID=26319; Source=OpsMgr SDK Service; Message=An exception was thrown while p…
    1 4512                      {@{EventID=4512; Source=HealthService; Message=Converting data batch to XML failed w…

Note that Eventlog Entries’ type is an ENUM that has values of 0,1,2 – similarly to OpsMgr health states – but beware that their order is not the same, as shown in the following table:

CodeOpsMgr StatesEvents EntryType
0Not MonitoredInformation
1SuccessError
2WarningWarning
3Critical—

Let’s now look at Information Events (Entrytype –eq 0)

PS  >> $evt | where {$_.Entrytype -eq 0} | select EventID,Source,Message | group eventid

Count Name                      Group
—– —-                      —–
4135 2110                      {@{EventID=2110; Source=HealthService; Message=Health Service successfully transferr…
1548 21025                     {@{EventID=21025; Source=OpsMgr Connector; Message=OpsMgr has received new configura…
4644 7026                      {@{EventID=7026; Source=HealthService; Message=The Health Service successfully logge…
1548 7023                      {@{EventID=7023; Source=HealthService; Message=The Health Service has downloaded sec…
1548 7025                      {@{EventID=7025; Source=HealthService; Message=The Health Service has authorized all…
1548 7024                      {@{EventID=7024; Source=HealthService; Message=The Health Service successfully logge…
1548 7028                      {@{EventID=7028; Source=HealthService; Message=All RunAs accounts for management gro…
   16 20021                     {@{EventID=20021; Source=OpsMgr Connector; Message=The health service {7B0E947B-2055…
   13 7019                      {@{EventID=7019; Source=HealthService; Message=The Health Service has validated all …
    4 4002                      {@{EventID=4002; Source=Health Service Script; Message=Microsoft.Windows.Server.Logi…

 

And “Warning” events (Entrytype –eq 2):

PS  >> $evt | where {$_.Entrytype -eq 2} | select EventID,Source,Message | group eventid

Count Name                      Group
—– —-                      —–
1511 1103                      {@{EventID=1103; Source=HealthService; Message=Summary: 1 rule(s)/monitor(s) failed …
  501 20058                     {@{EventID=20058; Source=OpsMgr Connector; Message=The Root Connector has received b…
    5 29202                     {@{EventID=29202; Source=OpsMgr Config Service; Message=OpsMgr Config Service could …
  421 31501                     {@{EventID=31501; Source=Health Service Modules; Message=No primary recipients were …
   18 10103                     {@{EventID=10103; Source=Health Service Modules; Message=In PerfDataSource, could no…
    1 29105                     {@{EventID=29105; Source=OpsMgr Config Service; Message=The request for management p…

 

 

Ok now let’s see those event 20022, for example… so we get an idea of which healthservices they are referring to (20022 indicates" “hearthbeat failure”, btw):

PS  >> $evt | where {$_.eventid -eq 20022} | select message

Message
——-
The health service {7B0E947B-2055-C12A-B6DB-DD6B311ADF39} running on host webapp3.domain1.mydomain.com and s…
The health service {E3B3CCAA-E797-4F08-860F-47558B3DA477} running on host SERVER1.domain2.mydomain.com and serving…
The health service {E3B3CCAA-E797-4F08-860F-47558B3DA477} running on host SERVER1.domain2.mydomain.com and serving…
The health service {E3B3CCAA-E797-4F08-860F-47558B3DA477} running on host SERVER1.domain2.mydomain.com and serving…
The health service {52E16F9C-EB1A-9FAF-5B9C-1AA9C8BC28E3} running on host DC4WK3.domain1.mydomain.com and se…
The health service {F96CC9E6-2EC4-7E63-EE5A-FF9286031C50} running on host VWEBDL2.domain1.mydomain.com and s…
The health service {71987EE0-909A-8465-C32D-05F315C301CC} running on host VDEVWEBPROBE2.domain2.mydomain.com….
The health service {BAF6716E-54A7-DF68-ABCB-B1101EDB2506} running on host XP2SMS002.domain2.mydomain.com and serving mana…
The health service {30C81387-D5E0-32D6-C3A3-C649F1CF66F1} running on host stgweb3.domain3.mydomain.com and…
The health service {3DCDD330-BBBB-B8E8-4FED-EF163B27DE0A} running on host VWEBDL1.domain1.mydomain.com and s…
The health service {13A47552-2693-E774-4F87-87DF68B2F0C0} running on host DC2.domain4.mydomain.com and …
The health service {920BF9A8-C315-3064-A5AA-A92AA270529C} running on host FSCLU2 and serving management group Pr…
The health service {FAA3C2B5-C162-C742-786F-F3F8DC8CAC2F} running on host WEBAPP4.domain1.mydomain.com and s…
The health service {3DCDD330-BBBB-B8E8-4FED-EF163B27DE0A} running on host WEBDL1.domain1.mydomain.com and s…
The health service {3DCDD330-BBBB-B8E8-4FED-EF163B27DE0A} running on host WEBDL1.domain1.mydomain.com and s…

 

or let’s look at some warning for the Config Service:

PS  >> $evt | where {$_.Eventid -eq 29202}

   Index Time          EntryType   Source                 InstanceID Message
   —– —-          ———   ——                 ———- ——-
5535065 Dec 07 21:18  Warning     OpsMgr Config Ser…   2147512850 OpsMgr Config Service could not retrieve a cons…
5543960 Dec 09 16:39  Warning     OpsMgr Config Ser…   2147512850 OpsMgr Config Service could not retrieve a cons…
5545536 Dec 10 01:06  Warning     OpsMgr Config Ser…   2147512850 OpsMgr Config Service could not retrieve a cons…
5553119 Dec 11 08:24  Warning     OpsMgr Config Ser…   2147512850 OpsMgr Config Service could not retrieve a cons…
5555677 Dec 11 10:34  Warning     OpsMgr Config Ser…   2147512850 OpsMgr Config Service could not retrieve a cons…

Once seen those, can you remember of any particular load you had on those days that justifies the instance space changing so quickly that the Config Service couldn’t keep up?

 

Or let’s group those events with ID 21025 by hour, so we know how many Config recalculations we’ve had (which, if many, might indicate Config Churn):

PS  >> $evt | where {$_.Eventid -eq 21025} | select TimeGenerated | % {$_.TimeGenerated.ToShortDateString()} | group

Count Name                      Group
—– —-                      —–
   39 12/7/2009                 {12/7/2009, 12/7/2009, 12/7/2009, 12/7/2009…}
  203 12/8/2009                 {12/8/2009, 12/8/2009, 12/8/2009, 12/8/2009…}
  217 12/9/2009                 {12/9/2009, 12/9/2009, 12/9/2009, 12/9/2009…}
  278 12/10/2009                {12/10/2009, 12/10/2009, 12/10/2009, 12/10/2009…}
  259 12/11/2009                {12/11/2009, 12/11/2009, 12/11/2009, 12/11/2009…}
  224 12/12/2009                {12/12/2009, 12/12/2009, 12/12/2009, 12/12/2009…}
  237 12/13/2009                {12/13/2009, 12/13/2009, 12/13/2009, 12/13/2009…}
   91 12/14/2009                {12/14/2009, 12/14/2009, 12/14/2009, 12/14/2009…}

 

Event ID 21025 shows that there is a new configuration for the Management Group.

Event ID 29103 has a similar wording, but shows that there is a new configuration for a given Healthservice. These should normally be many more events, unless your only health Service is the RMS, which is unlikely…

If we look at the event description (“message”) in search for the name (or even the GUID, as both are present) or our RMS, as follows, then they should be the same numbers of the 21025 above:

PS  >> $evt | where {$_.Eventid -eq 29103} | where {$_.message -match "myrms.domain.com"} | select TimeGenerated | % {$_.TimeGenerated.ToShortDateString()} | group

Count Name                      Group
—– —-                      —–
   39 12/7/2009                 {12/7/2009, 12/7/2009, 12/7/2009, 12/7/2009…}
  203 12/8/2009                 {12/8/2009, 12/8/2009, 12/8/2009, 12/8/2009…}
  217 12/9/2009                 {12/9/2009, 12/9/2009, 12/9/2009, 12/9/2009…}
  278 12/10/2009                {12/10/2009, 12/10/2009, 12/10/2009, 12/10/2009…}
  259 12/11/2009                {12/11/2009, 12/11/2009, 12/11/2009, 12/11/2009…}
  224 12/12/2009                {12/12/2009, 12/12/2009, 12/12/2009, 12/12/2009…}
  237 12/13/2009                {12/13/2009, 12/13/2009, 12/13/2009, 12/13/2009…}
   91 12/14/2009                {12/14/2009, 12/14/2009, 12/14/2009, 12/14/2009…}

 

Going back to the initial counts of events by their IDs, when showing the errors the counts above had spotted the presence of a lonely 4512 event, which might have gone undetected if just browsing the eventlog with the GUI, since it only occurred once.

Let’s take a look at it:

PS  >> $evt | where {$_.eventid -eq 4512}

   Index Time          EntryType   Source                 InstanceID Message
   —– —-          ———   ——                 ———- ——-
5560756 Dec 12 11:18  Error       HealthService          3221229984 Converting data batch to XML failed with error …

Now, when it is about counts, Powershell is great.  But sometimes Powershell makes it difficult to actually READ the (long) event messages (descriptions) in the console. For example, our event ID 4512 is difficult to read in its entirety and gets truncated with trailing dots…

we can of course increase the window size and/or selecting only THAT one field to read it better:

PS  >> $evt | where {$_.eventid -eq 4512} | select message

Message
——-
Converting data batch to XML failed with error "Not enough storage is available to complete this operation." (0x8007000E) in rule "Microsoft.SystemCenter.ConfigurationService.CollectionRule.Event.ConfigurationChanged" running for instance "RMS.MYDOMAIN.COM" with id:"{04F4ADED-2C7F-92EF-D620-9AF9685F736F}" in management group "SCOMPROD"

Or, worst case, if it still does not fit, we can still go and search for it in the actual, usual eventlog application… but at least we will have spotted it!

 

The above wants to give you an idea of what is easily accomplished with some simple one-liners, and how it can be a useful aid in analyzing/digging into Eventlogs.

All of the above is ALSO be possible with Logparser, and it would actually be even less heavy on memory usage and it will be quicker, to be honest!

I just like Powershell syntax a lot more, and its ubiquity, which makes it a better option for me. Your mileage may vary, of course.

The mystery of the lost registry values

Daniele Muscetta Coding, Microsoft, OpsMgr2007, PowerShell, System Center Operations Manager 2007 , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

During the OpsMgr Health Check engagement we use custom code to assess the customer’s Management group, as I wrote here already. Given that the customer tells us which machine is the RMS, one of the very first things that we do in our tool is to connect to the RMS’s registry, and check the values under HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft Operations Manager\3.0\Setup to see which machine holds the database. It is a rather critical piece of information for us, as we run a number of queries afterward… so we need to know where the db is, obviously 🙂

I learned from here http://mybsinfo.blogspot.com/2007/01/powershell-remote-registry-and-you-part.html how to access registry remotely thru powershell, by using .Net classes. This is also one of the methods illustrated in this other article on Technet Script Center http://www.microsoft.com/technet/scriptcenter/resources/qanda/jan09/hey0105.mspx 

Therefore the “core” instructions of the function I was using to access the registry looked like the following

  1. Function GetValueFromRegistry ([string]$computername, $regkey, $value)   
  2. {  
  3.      $reg = [Microsoft.Win32.RegistryKey]::OpenRemoteBaseKey(‘LocalMachine’, $computername)  
  4.      $regKey= $reg.OpenSubKey(“$regKey”)  
  5.      $result = $regkey.GetValue(“$value”)  
  6.      return $result 
  7. }  

 

[Note: the actual function is bigger, and contains error handling, and logging, and a number of other things that are unnecessary here]

Therefore, the function was called as follows:
GetValueFromRegistry $RMS “SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Microsoft Operations Manager\\3.0\\Setup” “DatabaseServerName”
Now so far so good.

In theory.

 

Now for some reason that I could not immediately explain, we had noticed that this piece of code performing registry accessm while working most of the times, only on SOME occasions was giving errors about not being able to open the registry value…

image

When you are onsite with a customer conducting an assessment, the PFE engineer does not always has the time to troubleshoot the error… as time is critical, we have usually resorted to just running the assessment from ANOTHER machine, and this “solved” the issue… but always left me wondering WHY this was giving an error. I had suspected an issue with permissions first, but it could not be as the permissions were obviously right: performing the assessment from another machine but with the same user was working!

A few days ago my colleague and buddy Stefan Stranger figured out that this was related to the platform architecture:

  • X64 client to x64 RMS was working
  • X64 client to x86 RMS was working
  • X86 client to x86 RMS was working
  • X86 client to x64 RMS was NOT working

You don’t need to use our custom code to reproduce this, REGEDIT shows the behavior as well.

If, from a 64-bit server, you open a remote registry connection to 64-bit RMS server, you can see all OpsMgr registry keys:

clip_image002

If, anyhow, from a 32-bit server, you open a remote registry connection to 64-bit RMS server, you don’t see ALL – but only SOME – OpsMgr registry keys:
clip_image004

So here’s the reason! This is what was happening! How could I not think of this before? It was nothing related to permissions, but to registry redirection! The issue was happening because the 32 bit machine is using the 32bit registry editor and what it will do when accessing a 64bit machine will be to default to the Wow6432Node location in the registry. There all OpsMgr data won’t be in the WOW64 location on a 64bit machine, only some.

So, just like regedit, the 32bit powershell and the 32bit .Net framework were being redirected to the 32bit-compatibility registry keys… not finding the stuff we needed, whereas a 64bit application could find that. Any 32bit application by default gets redirected to a 32bit-safe registry.

So, after finally UNDERSTANDING what the issue was, I started wondering: ok… but how can I access the REAL “HLKM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft” key on a 64bit machine when running this FROM a 32bit machine – WITHOUT being redirected to “HKLM\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Microsoft” ? What if my application CAN deal just fine with those values and actually NEEDs to access them?

The answer wasn’t as easy as the question. I did a bit of digging on this, and still I have NOT yet found a way to do this with the .Net classes. It seems that in a lot of situations, Powershell or even .Net classes are nice and sweet wrappers on the underlying Windows APIs… but for how sweet and easy they are, they are very often not very complete wrappers – letting you do just about enough for most situations, but not quite everything you would or could with the APi underneath. But I digress, here…

The good news is that I did manage to get this working, but I had to resort to using dear old WMI StdRegProvider… There are a number of locations on the Internet mentioning the issue of accessing 32bit registry from 64bit machines or vice versa, but all examples I have found were using VBScript. But I needed it in Powershell. Therefore I started with the VBScript example code that is present here, and I ported it to Powershell.

Handling the WMI COM object from Powershell was slightly less intuitive than in VBScript, and it took me a couple of hours to figure out how to change some stuff, especially this bit that sets the parameters collection:

Set Inparams = objStdRegProv.Methods_(“GetStringValue”).Inparameters

Inparams.Hdefkey = HKLM

Inparams.Ssubkeyname = RegKey

Inparams.Svaluename = RegValue

Set Outparams = objStdRegProv.ExecMethod_(“GetStringValue”, Inparams,,objCtx)

INTO this:

$Inparams = ($objStdRegProv.Methods_ | where {$_.name -eq “GetStringValue”}).InParameters.SpawnInstance_()

($Inparams.Properties_ | where {$_.name -eq “Hdefkey”}).Value = $HKLM

($Inparams.Properties_ | where {$_.name -eq “Ssubkeyname”}).Value = $regkey

($Inparams.Properties_ | where {$_.name -eq “Svaluename”}).Value = $value

$Outparams = $objStdRegProv.ExecMethod_(“GetStringValue”, $Inparams, “”, $objNamedValueSet)

 

I have only done limited testing at this point and, even if the actual work now requires nearly 15 lines of code to be performed vs. the previous 3 lines in the .Net implementation, it at least seems to work just fine.

What follows is the complete code of my replacement function, in all its uglyness glory:

 

  1. Function GetValueFromRegistryThruWMI([string]$computername, $regkey, $value)  
  2. {  
  3.     #constant for the HLKM  
  4.     $HKLM = “&h80000002” 
  5.  
  6.     #creates an SwbemNamedValueSet object
  7.     $objNamedValueSet = New-Object -COM “WbemScripting.SWbemNamedValueSet” 
  8.  
  9.     #adds the actual value that will requests the target to provide 64bit-registry info
  10.     $objNamedValueSet.Add(“__ProviderArchitecture”, 64) | Out-Null 
  11.  
  12.     #back to all the other usual COM objects for WMI that you have used a zillion times in VBScript
  13.     $objLocator = New-Object -COM “Wbemscripting.SWbemLocator” 
  14.     $objServices = $objLocator.ConnectServer($computername,“root\default”,“”,“”,“”,“”,“”,$objNamedValueSet)  
  15.     $objStdRegProv = $objServices.Get(“StdRegProv”)  
  16.  
  17.     # Obtain an InParameters object specific to the method.  
  18.     $Inparams = ($objStdRegProv.Methods_ | where {$_.name -eq “GetStringValue”}).InParameters.SpawnInstance_()  
  19.   
  20.     # Add the input parameters  
  21.     ($Inparams.Properties_ | where {$_.name -eq “Hdefkey”}).Value = $HKLM 
  22.     ($Inparams.Properties_ | where {$_.name -eq “Ssubkeyname”}).Value = $regkey 
  23.     ($Inparams.Properties_ | where {$_.name -eq “Svaluename”}).Value = $value 
  24.  
  25.     #Execute the method  
  26.     $Outparams = $objStdRegProv.ExecMethod_(“GetStringValue”, $Inparams, “”, $objNamedValueSet)  
  27.  
  28.     #shows the return value  
  29.     ($Outparams.Properties_ | where {$_.name -eq “ReturnValue”}).Value  
  30.  
  31.     if (($Outparams.Properties_ | where {$_.name -eq “ReturnValue”}).Value -eq 0)  
  32.     {  
  33.        write-host “it worked” 
  34.        $result = ($Outparams.Properties_ | where {$_.name -eq “sValue”}).Value  
  35.        write-host “Result: $result” 
  36.        return $result 
  37.     }  
  38.     else 
  39.     {  
  40.         write-host “nope” 
  41.     }  
  42. }  

 

which can be called similarly to the previous one:
GetValueFromRegistryThruWMI $RMS “SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Microsoft Operations Manager\3.0\Setup” “DatabaseServerName”

[Note: you don’t need the double\escape backslashes here, compared to the .Net implementation]

Enjoy your cross-architecture registry access: from 32bit to 64bit – and back!

Get-WmiCustom (aka: Get-WMIObject with timeout!)

Daniele Muscetta Coding, Microsoft, PowerShell , , , , ,

I make heavy use of WMI.

But when using it to gather information from customer’s machines for assessments, I sometimes find the occasional broken WMI repository. There are a number of ways in which WMI can become corrupted and return weird results. Most of the times you would just get errors, such as “Class not registered” or “provider load failure”. I can handle those errors from within scripts.

But there are some, more subtle – and annoying – ways in which the WMI repository can get corrupted. the situations I am talking about are the ones when WMI will accept your query… will say it is executing it… but it will never actually return any error, and just stay stuck performing your query forever. Until your client application decides to time out. Which in some cases does not happen.

Now that was my issue – when my assessment script (which was using the handy Powershell Get-WmiObject cmdlet) would hit one of those machines… the whole script would hang forever and never finish its job. Ok, sure, the solution to this would be actually FIXING the WMI repository and then try again. But remember I am talking of an assessment: if the information I am getting is just one piece of a bigger puzzle, and I don’t necessarily care about it and can continue without that information – I want to be able to do it, to skip that info, maybe the whole section, report an error saying I am not able to get that information, and continue to get the remaining info. I can still fix the issue on the machine afterward AND then run the assessment script again, but in the first place I just want to get a picture of how the system looks like. With the good and with the bad things. Especially, I do want to take that whole picture – not just a piece of it.

Unfortunately, the Get-WmiObject cmdlet does not let you specify a timeout. Therefore I cooked my own function which has a compatible behaviour to that of Get-WmiObject, but with an added “-timeout” parameter which can be set. I dubbed it “Get-WmiCustom”

Function Get-WmiCustom([string]$computername,[string]$namespace,[string]$class,[int]$timeout=15)
{
$ConnectionOptions = new-object System.Management.ConnectionOptions
$EnumerationOptions = new-object System.Management.EnumerationOptions

$timeoutseconds = new-timespan -seconds $timeout
$EnumerationOptions.set_timeout($timeoutseconds)

$assembledpath = “\\” + $computername + “\” + $namespace
#write-host $assembledpath -foregroundcolor yellow

$Scope = new-object System.Management.ManagementScope $assembledpath, $ConnectionOptions
$Scope.Connect()

$querystring = “SELECT * FROM ” + $class
#write-host $querystring

$query = new-object System.Management.ObjectQuery $querystring
$searcher = new-object System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher
$searcher.set_options($EnumerationOptions)
$searcher.Query = $querystring
$searcher.Scope = $Scope

trap { $_ } $result = $searcher.get()

return $result
}

You can call it as follows, which is similar to how you would call get-WmiObject

get-wmicustom -class Win32_Service -namespace “root\cimv2” -computername server1.domain.dom

or, of course, specifying the timeout (in seconds):

get-wmicustom -class Win32_Service -namespace “root\cimv2” -computername server1.domain.dom –timeout 1

and obviously, since the function returns objects just like the original cmdlet, it is also possible to pipe them to other commands:

get-wmicustom -class Win32_Service -namespace “root\cimv2” -computername server1.domain.dom –timeout 1 | Format-Table

Early Adoptions, Health Checks and New Year Rants.

Daniele Muscetta Coding, Microsoft, MOM, MOM2005, OpsMgr2007, Personal, PowerShell, Rant, System Center Operations Manager 2007 , , , , , , , , , , , ,

Generations

Two days ago I read the following Tweet by Hugh MacLeod:

“[…] Early Adopter Problem: How to differentiate from the bandwagon, once the bandwagon starts moving faster than you are […]”

That makes me think of early adoption of a few technologies I have been working with, and how the community around those evolved. For example:

Operations Manager… early adoption meant that I have been working with it since the beta, had posted one of the earliest posts about how to use a script in a Unit Monitor back in may 2007 (the product was released in April 2007 and there was NO documentation back then, so we had to really try to figure out everything…), but someone seems to think it is worth repeating the very same lesson in November 2008, with not a lot of changes, as I wrote here. I don’t mean being rude to Anders… repeating things will surely help the late adopters finding the information they need, of course.

Also, I started playing early with Powershell. I posted my first (and only) cmdlet back in 2006. It was not a lot more than a test for myself to learn how to write one, but that’s just to say that I started playing early with it. I have been using it to automate tasks for example.

Going back to the quote above, everyone gets on the bandwagon posting examples and articles. I had been asked a few times about writing articles on OpsMgr and Powershell usage (for example by www.powershell.it) but I declined, as I was too busy using this knowledge to do stuff for work (where “work” is defined as in “work that pays your mortgage”), rather than seeking personal prestige through articles and blogs. Anyway, that kind of articles are appearing now all over the Internet and the blogosphere now. The above examples made me think of early adoption, and the bandwagon that follows later on… but even as an early adopter, I was never very noisy or visible.

Now, going back to what I do for work, (which I mentioned here and here in the past), I work in the Premier Field Engineering organization of Microsoft Services, which provides Premier services to customers. Microsoft Premier customer have a wide range of Premier agreement features and components that they can use to support their people, improve their processes, and improve the productive use of the Microsoft technology they have purchased. Some of these services we provide are known to the world as “Health Checks”, some as “Risk Assessment Programs” (or, shortly, RAPs). These are basically services where one of our technology experts goes on the customer site and there he uses a custom, private Microsoft tool to gather a huge amount of data from the product we mean to look at (be it SQL, Exchange, AD or anything else….). The Health Check or RAP tool collects the data and outputs a draft of the report that will be delivered to the customer later on, with all the right sections and chapters. This is done so that every report of the same kind will look consistent, even if the engagement is performed by a different engineer in a different part of the world. The engineer will of course analyze the collected data and write recommendations about what is configured properly and/or about what could or should be changed and/or improved in the implementation to make it adhere to Best Practices. To make sure only the right people actually go onsite to do this job we have a strict internal accreditation process that must be followed; only accredited resources that know the product well enough and know exactly how to interpret the data that the tool collects are allowed to use it and to deliver the engagement, and present/write the findings to the customer.

So why am I telling you this here, and how have I been using my early knowledge of OpsMgr and Powershell for ?

I have used that to write the Operations Manager Health Check, of course!

We had a MOM 2005 Health Check already, but since the technology has changed so much, from MOM to OpsMgr, we had to write a completely new tool. Jeff  (the original MOM2005 author, who does not have a blog that I can link to) and me are the main coders of this tool… and the tool itself is A POWERSHELL script. A longish one, of course (7000 lines, more or less), but nothing more than a Powershell script, at the end of the day. There are a few more colleagues that helped shape the features and tested the tool, including Kevin Holman. Some of the database queries on Kevin’s blog are in fact what we use to extract some of the data (beware that some of those queries have recently been updated, in case you saved them and using your local copy!), while some other information are using internal and/or custom queries. Some other times we use OpsMgr cmdlets or go to the SDK service, but a lot of times we query the database directly (we really should use the SDK all the times, but for certain stuff direct database access is way faster). It took most of the past year to write it, test it, troubleshoot it, fix it, and deliver the first engagements as “beta” to some customers to help iron out the process… and now the delivery is available! If a year seems like a long time, you have to consider this is all work that gets done next to what we all have to normally do with customers, not replacing it (i.e. I am not free to sit on my butt all day and just write the tool… I still have to deliver services to customers day in day out, in the meantime).

Occasionally, during this past calendar year, that is approaching its end, I have been willing and have found some extra time to disclose some bits and pieces, techniques and prototypes of how to use Powershell and OpsMgr together, such as innovative ways to use Powershell in OpsMgr against beta features, but in general most of my early adopter’s investment went into the private tool for this engagement, and that is one of the reasons I couldn’t blog or write much about it, being it Microsoft Intellectual Property.

But it is also true that I did not care to write other stuff when I considered it too easy or it could be found in the documentation. I like writing of ideas, thoughts, rants OR things that I discover and that are not well documented at the time I study them… so when I figure out things I might like leaving a trail for some to follow. But I am not here to spoon feed people like some in the bandwagon are doing. Now the bandwagon is busy blogging and writing continuously about some aspect of OpsMgr (known or unknown, documented or not), and the answer to the original question of Hugh is, in my opinion, that it does not really matter what the bandwagon is doing right now. I was never here to do the same thing. I think that is my differentiator. I am not saying that what a bunch of colleagues and enthusiasts is doing is not useful: blogging and writing about various things they experiment with is interesting and it will be useful to people. But blogs are useful until a certain limit. I think that blogs are best suited for conversations and thoughts (rather than for “howto’s”), and what I would love to see instead is: less marketing hype when new versions are announced and more real, official documentation.

But I think I should stop caring about what the bandwagon is doing, because that’s just another ego trip at the end of the day. What I should more sensibly do, would be listening to my horoscope instead:

[…] “How do you slay the dragon?” journalist Bill Moyers asked mythologist Joseph Campbell in an interview. By “dragon,” he was referring to the dangerous beast that symbolizes the most unripe and uncontrollable part of each of our lives. In reply to Moyers, Campbell didn’t suggest that you become a master warrior, nor did he recommend that you cultivate high levels of sleek, savage anger. “Follow your bliss,” he said simply. Personally, I don’t know if that’s enough to slay the dragon — I’m inclined to believe that you also have to take some defensive measures — but it’s definitely worth an extended experiment. Would you consider trying that in 2009? […]

Programmatically Check for Management Pack updates in OpsMgr 2007 R2

Daniele Muscetta Coding, Cross Platform, Microsoft, Networking, OpsMgr2007, PowerShell, System Center Operations Manager 2007 , , , , , , , , , ,

One of the cool new features of System Center Operations Manager 2007 R2 is the possibility to check and update Management Packs from the catalog on the Internet directly from the Operators Console:

Select Management Packs from Catalog

Even if the backend for this feature is not yet documented, I was extremely curious to see how this had actually been implemented. Especially since it took a while to have this feature available for OpsMgr, I had the suspicion that it could not be as simple as one downloadable XML file, like the old MOM2005’s MPNotifier had been using in the past.

Therefore I observed the console’s traffic through the lens of my proxy, and got my answer:

ISA Server Log

So that was it: a .Net Web Service.

I tried to ask the web service itself for discovery information, but failed:

WSDL

Since there is no WSDL available, but I badly wanted to interact with it, I had to figure out: what kind of requests would be allowed to it, how should they be written, what methods could they call and what parameters should I pass in the call. In order to get started on this, I thought I could just observe its network traffic. And so I did… I fired up Network Monitor and captured the traffic:

Microsoft Network Monitor 3.2

Microsoft Network Monitor is beautiful and useful for this kind of stuff, as it lets you easily identify which application a given stream of traffic belongs to, just like in the picture above. After I had isolated just the traffic from the Operations Console, I then saved those captures packets in CAP format and opened it again in Wireshark for a different kind of analysis – “Follow TCP Stream”:

Wireshark: Follow TCP Stream

This showed me the reassembled conversation, and what kind of request was actually done to the Web Service. That was the information I needed.

Ready to rock at this point, I came up with this Powershell script (to be run in OpsMgr Command Shell) that will:

1) connect to the web service and retrieve the complete MP list for R2 (this part is also useful on its own, as it shows how to interact with a SOAP web service in Powershell, invoking a method of the web service by issuing a specially crafted POST request. To give due credit, for this part I first looked at this PERL code, which I then adapted and ported to Powershell);

2) loop through the results of the “Get-ManagementPack” opsmgr cmdlet and compare each MP found in the Management Group with those pulled from the catalog;

3) display a table of all imported MPs with both the version imported in your Management Group AND the version available on the catalog:

Script output in OpsMgr Command Shell

Remember that this is just SAMPLE code, it is not meant to be used in production environment and it is worth mentioning again that OpsMgr2007 R2 this is BETA software at the time of writing, therefore this functionality (and its implementation) might change at any time, and the script will break. Also, at present, the MP Catalog web service still returns slightly older MP versions and it is not yet kept in sync and updated with MP Releases, but it will be ready and with complete/updated content by the time R2 gets released.

Disclaimer

The information in this weblog is provided “AS IS” with no warranties, and confers no rights. This weblog does not represent the thoughts, intentions, plans or strategies of my employer. It is solely my own personal opinion. All code samples are provided “AS IS” without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose.
THIS WORK IS NOT ENDORSED AND NOT EVEN CHECKED, AUTHORIZED, SCRUTINIZED NOR APPROVED BY MY EMPLOYER, AND IT ONLY REPRESENT SOMETHING WHICH I’VE DONE IN MY FREE TIME. NO GUARANTEE WHATSOEVER IS GIVEN ON THIS. THE AUTHOR SHALL NOT BE MADE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE YOU MIGHT INCUR WHEN USING THIS INFORMATION. The solution presented here IS NOT SUPPORTED by Microsoft.

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